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Description:
Bur Oak is the most bold-textured of the largest Oaks, having a picturesque appearance in the landscape either in Summer fiddle-shaped foliage or Winter semi-corky stem and straight-ridged trunk outline, having the largest acorn of any Oak, and is also one of the most drought-tolerant large trees, with a deep tap root system that penetrates to the depths of the lowered water table. It is used as a large shade tree maturing at about 25 m tall by 20 m wide under urban conditions, but much taller and wider in its native habitat. It has an upright oval growth habit in youth, becoming rounded, spreading, and massive with age. Its growth rate is slow to medium. Grows best in full sun and is partial shade tolerant in youth. Performs best in moist or dry, neutral or alkaline pH soils, and is very urban tolerant (including tolerance to severe drought, pollution, high pH soils, poor soils, sandy soils, and compacted clay soils) and also adapts to acidic soils. Its leaves are dark green, alternate, strongly obovate. Overall leaf shape resembles a base fiddle or violin. Fall color is yellow-brown to chartreuse and usually poor. Its huge (4 cm long) oval acorn with a thick cap is fringed at the lower end, covering almost the entire nut (hence the common names of Burr Oak or Mossycup Oak), and maturing in a single season. Trunk is gray, very deeply furrowed and grooved with age, forming a very distinctive appearance and contributing to the very bold texture of mature trees. It is native to the Eastern United States, but also naturalized to the Great Plains of the United States (where its thick bark aids in survival during occasional prairie grass fires). It is planted as a shade tree for large lawns, golf courses, parks, open fields, or naturalized areas, including areas that are very dry in the Summer. It is a valuable timber tree attracting wildlife (large birds, deer, and especially squirrels. Very cold hardy (zones 2 to 8).